Geomorphologia Slovaca et Bohemica 2/2010
Content/Obsah
RUDOLF MIDRIAK: Eróziou spustnuté pôdy v krajine Slovenska .: Download PDF :.
JAROMÍR KOLEJKA - MARTIN KLIMÁNEK - TOMÁŠ MIKITA - JAROSLAV SVOBODA: Polomy na Šumavě způsobené orkánem Kyrill a spoluúčast reliéfu na poškození lesa .: Download PDF :.
STANISŁAW KĘDZIA: The age of debris surfaces on the Żółta Turnia Peak (the Polish Tatra Mts.).: Download PDF :.
MAŁGORZATA WISTUBA: Transformation of the channel pattern on alluvial fans – The Černá Opava River tributaries, Eastern Sudetes .: Download PDF :.
SPRAVODAJCA ASG PRI SAV 2010.: Download PDF :.
Významné životné jubileum Prof. RNDr. Jaromíra Demka, DrSc..: Download PDF :.
Významné životné jubileum RNDr. Jána Urbánka, CSc..: Download PDF :.
Významné životné jubileum RNDr. Milana Lehotského, CSc..: Download PDF :.
Abstracts/Abstrakty
Rudolf Midriak: Waste lands in Slovakia’s landscape caused by erosion Geomorphologia Slovaca et Bohemica, 10, 2010, 2, 7 - 15. 3 figs., 2 tabs., 54 refs.
The paper draws attention to the erosion and other manifestations of physical destruction of the land. A more detailed analysis the erosion vulnerability of soil and surface by both water and wind erosion in Slovakia is prepared. The author presents actual data for water and wind erosion in Slovakia, as well as sliding and cryogenic destruction of the land. The focus of the paper is an information on waste lands of Slovakia in lowland to highland landscapes (area of the waste lands is about 70,705 ha) and in the highmountain country - in the Subalpine and Alpine stage (4,800 ha of waste lands). Downloading genesis causes, extent and occurrence of the waste lands in Slovakia, sorting them according to the geological substrate, as well as secular intensity of erosion processes on these surfaces (in lowland to highland landscape to average 1.6 to 32 mm, in the high-mountain landscape up to 42 mm of soil loss annualy). The contribution is concluded by prognosis erosion processes and the waste lands in Slovakia in relation to climate change. Key Words: soil erosion, waste lands, landscape, Slovak Republic
Jaromír Kolejka, Martin Klimánek, Tomáš Mikita, Jaroslav Svoboda: The windthrows in Šumava Mts. caused by the Kyrill windstorm and terrain participation in forest damage Geomorphologia Slovaca et Bohemica, 10, 2010, 2, 16 - 28. 4 figs., 2 tabs., 24 refs.
The Kyrill windstorm of hurricane-force has affected vast areas of the Šumava Mts. during the night of January 18th 2007. On both sides of the state border it totally or partly damaged dozens of square kilometers of the forest in all zones of the Šumava National Park and the Bayerischer Wald National Park. The research project’s aim was to use the commonly used geoinformation technologies (GIT) and geodata to identify levels of impact of windthrow factors, mainly with regard to their application in predicting imminent risks. The research hypothesis presumes that the incidence of windthrows, the amount of harm done and the cost of alleviating it are in close relationship with natural factors of the area and especially terrain features of the landscape. The geostatistical analysis has identified that the individual terrain features – sea elevation, slope, aspect, terrain curvature and terrain wind vulnerability derived from DEM – compared with the general (at the closest meteostations) wind direction provided less reliable results. Much better results were given by the comparative analysis of local wind directions modeled separately and mentioned terrain features. Very applicable results are based on the integrated physical and forest canopy features where terrain parameters play relatively additional role. Key words: windthrow, GIS analysis, digital terrain model, terrain analysis, Šumava Mts.
Stanisław Kędzia: The age of debris surfaces on the Żółta Turnia Peak (the Polish Tatra Mts.) Geomorphologia Slovaca et Bohemica, 10, 2010, 2, 29 - 38. 6 figs., 1 tab., 40 refs.
Debris cones have been the object of interest of geomorphologists for many decades. Their surface reflects in general climate changes (Baumgart-Kotarba and Kotarba 2001b, Kotarba 1995, 1996b, 2004 and 2007). Thanks to the method lichenometric dating and visual interpretation of airphotos it became possible to date the development of debris surfaces. The object of this research was a debris cone located on the western slope of the Zółta Turnia Peak in the upper section of Dolina Suchej Wody Valley in the Polish part of the High Tatra Mts. The aim of this work was to determine the age of the surface of the debris cone studied and the periods of increased activity of debris flows. The investigations were based on lichenometric dating and visual analysis of airphotos, which were systematically taken during last 50 years. The results of the investigations show that there were two stages of colluviation of studied debris flow gullies, in the last two centuries. The first stage was connected with the Little Ice Age (until the beginning of the 20th century) and with intensive precipitation mainly in the 1930s (especially 1934). In the second part of the 1940s, the stabilisation of the debris cone surface occurred which lasted until the mid 1980s. In 1986, the colluviation of the debris cone occurred again. Because of secondary generations of thalluses and their interlacing, it was impossible to determine the age of the oldest surfaces of the debris cone. Basing on the largest living thalluses, but not the oldest, it was found that the surfaces studied originated at least 200 years ago. It was also determined that the channels of debris flows which occur in the surface of the debris cone studied, were frequently, and often in different time, used for material transport. Key words: the High Tatra Mts., debris flows, lichenometry, airphotos
Małgorzata Wistuba: Transformation of the channel pattern on alluvial fans – The Černá Opava River tributaries, Eastern Sudetes Geomorphologia Slovaca et Bohemica, 10, 2010, 2, 39 - 55. 9 figs., 1 tab., 66 refs.
The comparative analysis of contemporary geomorphic maps and archival topographic maps (data from years: 1780, 1847, 1927, 1990 and 2003) shows that in the end of the 18th century channels of the Slučí, the Sokolí and the Rudná streams were sinuous and meandering, but in the turn of the 19th century they have straightened and deepened. In the period of 1780 – 1927 four cases of avulsion occurred on studied fans - channels lost their natural balance between sediment input and output. After 1927 only small changes in channel pattern occurred – streams were stabilized in a new state of slope-channel equilibrium. Described changes were caused by combination of two factors: anthropogenic deforestation and climate change during the Little Ice Age. Although, it is probable that human expansion was more important, it is not necessary for avulsion in the study area. It was proved by radiocarbon dating of the Sokolí stream channel abandonment to at least 7880 ± 120 BP (Ki-15288) – to the period devoid of human impact. Key words: channel pattern, alluvial fan, human impact, deforestation, Little Ice Age, The Hrubý Jeseník Mts.